Vulture

There are 22 species of vultures.These birds don't hunt live prey, but feast on carrion - the flesh of dead animals.
Many vultures use their keen sense of smell to locate carrion. Other vultures find food using their sharp eyesight.

Vultures that don't have feather on their heads are the ones that stick their heads into carcasses while feeding. If their heads had feather , bits of the decaying meat would get stuck to them.

The king vulture of Central and South America is bald. It also has black , bright red and Yellow markings on its head and neck.

Disneyland

          Imagine you wake up one fine morning and find yourself in a land full of your favorite characters from fairly tales and cartoon films!
          You walk out of your house and step out onto a yellow brick road. Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse have their house nearby. Winnie the Pooh is tasting honey from the honey pot. The Big Bad Wolf is trying to blow down the house of the three little pigs. Oh and look! Here is the white rabbit from Alice in wonderland, look how he’s scampering off into his hole. Snow White is cooking a meal for the seven dwarfs. Aladdin is taking a ride on his magic carper and beauty and the Beast have become friends forever. Isn’t it a wonderful place! But does a world exist? Yes it does. It is called Disneyland.   

Disneyland

          Walter Elias Disney created this world for us on 17 July 1955, in California. Walt Disney was a film producer, director and animator. He started the Walt Disney Company with his brother Roy Disney. The company produced a number of successful animated movies which have been passed down from generation to generation. Animated movie are movies in which characters down by hand behave like real people for they can walk, talk, laugh, cry and do nearly everything that real people do in films. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck films are the best Disney films.
           

Walter Elias Disney

  But how did Walt Disney think of creating Disneyland? One day Walt Disney took his daughters to an amusement park. The children had fun while he set on a bench and got bored. He then thought that there should be a place where children and parents could have a good time together. And that’s when he thought of Disneyland, a sort of dream world “I don’t want the public to see the world they live in while they’re in the park (Disneyland). I want to feel they’re in another world” he said.
          Disneyland is a land of fantasy, a make-believe world. It is a land of fairies and magic. You can become a Cinderella or a Robin Hood, dine at Cinderella’s royal table, take a tour of this magical land in a steam train, watch Disney characters in the dazzling parade at night and so on. There is fun not only for children but there are events which parents enjoy as well. So what are you waiting for – pack your bags and get ready for some magic!

Paneer Pakora

Ingredients-

• 125-150 grams paneer(cubes)
• 1 cup Gram flour
• 1 pinch of turmeric
• 1 pinch asafoetida and garam masala (powder)
• 1/2 tsp carom seed
• Salt and Water as required     
• Oil for deep frying

Method -

1. Heat oil for deep frying in a pan.
2. Take 1 bowl add 1 cup gram flour, 1 pinch  powder, 1 pinch garam masala (powder), 1 pinch asafoetida, paneer cubes and salt. Pour water as required. Mix well.
3. Add the coated paneer in medium hot oil and fry it till golden and crisp on medium flame.
4. Take out the pakoras on the tissue paper.
5. Now it is ready to serve .
6. Then serve hot paneer pakoras with tomato sauce.

Kabir The Weaver Poet

Kabir was one of the greatest poets and saint of our country. His dohas  or two-line verses are read and sung even today.   Kabir was born in a Hindu family but was brought up by profession. He wove and sold cloth in the market. But he has not interested in making money. He was kind and wanted to help others.         

               Kabir was against the useless customs of society and religion. He taught bhakti or true love and devotion to God. He was against the caste system and tried to unite Hindus and Muslims.   
       When kabir died, Hindus and Muslims could not decide who should perform the last rites. It is said that when the sheet covering his body was lifted, people saw flowers instead of his body.

Life

Life is hard
Nothing to fear,
Work with ease and
Everything is clear.         

Life is a chance
To get something
But if you don't try,
You will get nothing .

Life is so short
Fight heart and soul
Try and tug hard and
You will reach your goal.

Wake up guys
It's time to fight
But if you don't try ,
You will get nothing right.

Travel diary

          It was 2018. During my summer vacation I went to Bhutan with my family for a 7 days trip. I could travel  there because of the cool and calm atmosphere of Bhutan. 

Paro international airport

          From my point of view Bhutan is a land of contentment and peace .It feels like a small country has been discovered from a vast mystical land. When we were travelling from the Paro international airport to our pre - booked hotel ,I felt as if I was watching heaven.

Bhutanese

 I have drawn pictures of many Bhutanese people , who have made this journey memorable. The most attractive part of the Bhutanese people is their spirituality. They are like men with golden heart. 

Talking  to the crimson cloaked monks in the monasteries and meditating with monks were some of the most memorable moments in my life.

Monasteries of Bhutan

          My friends who have visited Bhutan many times have told me than if you really want to see heaven on the Earth, you should go to Bhutan. During my trip I was thinking that she was right. The scenic beauty of Bhutan will make you feel that there can't be a better place than Bhutan.

Scenic beauty of Bhutan

          A compact package which included some different and tasty food, unforgettable scenic beauty and obviously the kind hearted people. Travelling through Paro and Thimpu were similar experiences; because both are different. Every sightseeing carries a story of royalty. 

Beauty of heaven

          At the end I will say this country is really a heaven and a land where I have found peace wherever I have travelled through and I can say that Bhutan has a compact package for a traveler with unique combination of “ Royalty with Royalty".

The One- Horned Rhino

Many majestic animals on this earth are in grave danger due to the greed of man- be it the elephant for its ivory tusks, the tiger for its skin and claws, or the rhinoceros for its horn.

          The Indian one - horned rhinoceros is one such animal that is slow disappearing. This rhino that was once found throughout the entire stretch of the Indo - Gangetic Plain is today reduced to very few numbers due to excessive poaching. Today, only about 2,000 Indian one - horned rhinos live in the wild, 1,200 of which are found in Assam alone.
The Indian one - horned rhino is the largest of the Asian rhinos. That is why it is also called the 'great one - horned rhino'. The uniqueness of the Indian rhino is its single horn, in contrast to the African rhinos that have two horns. Indian rhinos are brownish - grey in colour and are hairless.they live in tall grasslands and forest near rivers, but due to the loss of their habitat they often stray into cultivated land.   The word rhinoceros means ‘nose-horn'. The animal is so named because of the single large horn that grows at the tip of its nose. The horn is typically 20-61 cm long, and weighs upto three kg. The rhino uses this horn for defence and for uprooting bushes and small trees. The hide ( skin ) of this massive creature is very thick and tough and it functions as a protective shield.
          A rhino is a good swimmer and can run at a speed of 55 km per  hour. Its diet mainly consists of grasses , but the rhino is also known to eat leaves, fruits, branches of shrubs and trees and submerged and floating aquatic plants. It has an excellent sense of hearing and smell but a relatively poor eyesight. Although a rhino is a good - tempered animal, it is a fearful opponent when wounded.
The Kaziranga  National Park, Manas National Park, Pobitora reserve forest, Orang National Park and the Laokhowa reserve forest in Assam, India and the Royal Chitwan National Park in Nepal are homes of this endangered animal. The Kanziranga National Park is the biggest success story of rhinoceros conservation.

Creamy Strawberry Milky Slush

Ingredients-
          Strawberries (2-4), whipped cream, milk, rose petals, pistachios, curd.

Tools- Whisker , a spoon, a medium bowl, knife

Method -
1.   In the bowl , wash the strawberries and cut them into pieces.
2.   Then add the milk and curd. Whisk it for 2 minutes.
3.    Let the liquid become pinkish white .
4.     Pour it in a glass.
5.      Squeeze the whipped cream on the        top of the glass. ( Fat layers to thin)
6.      Garnish it with rose petals and pistachios.

Your Creamy Strawberry Milky Slush is ready.

              

gravitational waves

          We are all familiar with the concept of gravitation. But when we say GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, what exactly do we mean by it? Let us first welcome our member in the wave family, “gravitational waves” Till date, we have come access light waves, sound waves etc, but gravitation waves? So, let’s try to figure it out.

          What are gravitational waves??
It is a ripple in the fabric of space and time just like a stone which creates ripples in the pond when it is thrown. Let us imagine that space is a big sheet of rubber. Anything that has mass causes this rubber sheet to bend. More the mass, the space gets bent and destroyed by gravity. Gravitational waves are causes when every mass accelerates changing the distortion of space. Anything having mass energy can produce gravitational waves. 

 However, we need something massive to produce it, like exploding stars, collisions between ultra dense neutron stars etc. But these waves are very difficult to detect because by the time they reach us from the distant event, they distort space-time by minuscule amounts. These distortions are believed to be less than the width of a proton and hence measuring such changes is impossible for most instruments. But this was made possible by the LIGO (Laser interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) detector located in USA . 

LIGO uses laser interferometer to mea sure  the minute ripples in the space-time caused by gravitational waves. This theory of gravitational waves was first predicted by Albert Einstein. The 2017's Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Berry C. Brish and Kip s. Thorne for their contribution towards the LIGO derector and observation of gravitational waves.

The Fjords Of Norway

During the last Ice Age, Norway was covered with mighty glaciers. These ice rivers moved slowly to the sea, scraping away the rock to produce steep-sides, immensely deep, U - shaped valleys.
          A fjord is often only 18 m or so deep at its mouth, but near the head of the valley it may be ten times deeper.     

       When the ice melted about 10,000 years ago, the sea filled up the valleys, which the Norwegians named 'fjords'.       

 

     There are fjords in Canada, New Zealand and Chile, but the greatest are in Norway. The fjords of Norway were formed by glaciers gouging out deep, U-shaped valleys as they slid towards the sea.
     
          The west coast is slashed by these long, narrow, sea- filled channels, The fjords are very  beautiful , although also bleak, lonely and threatening.    

    The Sognefjord in Norway is the second longest fjord in the world at 127 miles . The longest , named Scoresby Sund, lies in Greenland, extends 217 miles inland and is 4,900 feet deep. Scoresby Sund is one of the deepest fjords in the world.

         The Naeroyfjord is one of the world's most beautiful and dramatic fjords. In 2005, it was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List. This 18 kilometre long fjord is only 500 metres wide in some parts. It is a branch of the Sognefjord.

         

Geirangerfjord is one of the most beautiful and mysterious of the Norwegian fjords. Streaming into it down sheer rock walls are many waterfalls, such as the Bridal Veil and the Seven Sisters. At its head is the village of Geiranger, reached only by a road that twists 1,000 m down the mountainside.

Florence Nightingle.

          Florence Nightingle did not like the easy and pleasant occupation of society, and instead of going to patties she visited the London hospitals and studied how sick people were nursed back to health and strength.

          In those days hospital nurses were ignorant and she was shocked by the roughness and mismanagement that prevailed in England’s hospitals. So she went to Germany and studied nursing there, and then she went to Paris.
          At last when she was quite certain that she had mastered her subject, she returned to England and began her work of improving the nursing in the hospitals.

          While she was engaged at this work, a war broke out in Crimea between Russia and England. At first people thought only of the glory of battle and the courage of the soldiers who went singing to their death.
          But soon other stories came home to England, dreamful stories of wounded men being left to die. England was shocked by these things and everybody cried out that something must be done, something to stop at once the sufferings of the brave soldiers.
          That was done by Florence Nightingle. 

 She went to Crimea with less than forty nurses and in a few months she  had succeeded in transforming the nursing of soldiers.

Oreo Cake Recipe

Ingredients-

Oreo biscuit- 20                

Powder Sugar- 2 tbsp
Baking powder- 1 tbsp     
Milk- 1 cup
Harshley's  Choco spread
Choco chips
Butter

Method-
   
Grease a round baking pan. Remove whistle and gasket of pressure cooker. Grind oreo biscuit into fine powder Then add powder sugar , milk, baking powder. Blend all the ingredients until any lump is there in the mixture. Pour the batter in greased pan. In pressure cooker put utensil stand and then put the greased pan with butter in greased pan. In pressure cooker. Heat on high flame for 8-10 min.

Then place it on a tray and decorate with spread , syrup and Choco chips, etc.

Colin O'Brady

American professional endurance athlete and adventure Colin Timothy O'Brady just became the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided. He achieved this incredible feat on 26 December 2018.

          Born on 16 March 1985, O' Brady holds three world records:
          In 2016 he set the Explores Grand Slam ( Last Degree) and seven Summit speed record.
          He became the fastest person to complete the adventures challenges in 139 days and 131 days respectively.
          In the Summer of 2018, O'Brady set the speed record for the 50 US High points in 21 days.
          The 33- year-old skied 932 miles across the southern continent in 54 days without getting resupplied - which required him to carry everything he'd need throughout the journey on a sled . Everyone  who tried to accomplish feat before O'Brady either gave up or died.

          When he started his journey , his sled weighed 400 pounds- it contained a tent, sleeping bag, cameras, a satellite phone, and 30 pounds of fuel for cooking. Most of the sled's weight, however, came from 220 pounds of food - enough to help  O'Brady survive for more than two months.
          And what did he eat along the trip - oatmeal, freeze-dried meals, soup, and special "Colin Bars" that his sponsor, Standard process Supplements, made for him.

• O'Brady is a former professional triathlete. He represented the United States on the ITU Triathlon World Cup circuit, racing in 25 countries on six continents from 2009-2015.

• He is the world's first person to Snapchat from the summit of Mount Everest.

The Truth About Cancer

Cancer is deadly disease which is caused due to uncontrolled growth of the cells and forms from the extra mass tissue known as tumor.

The persons who work in chemical factories, nuclear reactors, drainage systems and mining are most prone to cancer. The most cancer causing agents are aluminum, arsenic, radon, lead, cobalt, welding fumes etc. Treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation are used to treat cancer in different stages.

But the truth is that there is no such treatment in the world to cure cancer. Some institutions are doing business in the name of Ayurveda, Homeopathy, but they do not have any medical patent or authentication.
So we cannot save people from death.

Cigarette smoking, tobacco intake, alcohol intake , poor diet and exposure to UV rays lead to cancer. 

  organs can be affected by cancer cells like lungs, kidneys, eyes, the heart, the brain etc. Cancer cells also spread in the blood stream and cause blood cancer.

Finally, we all are looking forward to a treatment or medicine that can save us from cancer.

TAXILA

Taxila - meaning "city of cut stone" - is located near Rawalpindi in Pakistan, in a region that was part of the ancient Indian subcontinent. Its origin dates back to 10 BC. At the junction of three great trade routes, Taxila held an important position during each of the successive kingdoms. 

  Around 6 BC, it became famous as a centre of advanced learning and attracted students from all over. In fact,it is said to be one of the world's earliest universities. There were a number of reputed teachers, each with a school of his own. Unfortunately, it was all destroyed by the nomadic Huns in 5 AD.

Tiger Conservation

Over the past century the number of tigers in India has fallen about 40,000 to 4,000. Relentless poaching and clearing of habitat for agriculture have the primary facts of this decline. In recent years demand for tiger skin and parts for “medical” purposes has become an increasingly important threat.

However the news is not all bad. Research shows that if protected and given sufficient access to ample prey, tiger populations can quickly stabilize. With India’s large network of protected areas and continued funding from conservation groups like the wildlife conservation society, the outcomes provided hope that tigers can avoid extinction in the wild. The biggest threat to tigers in India is decreasing of their chief prey like deer, wild pigs.

As a result although about 300,000 square kilometers of tiger habitat still remains, much of it is empty of tigers because there is not enough food for them to survive.
          The tiger is not just a charming species. It’s not just a wild animal living in some forest either. The tiger is a unique animal which plays an essential role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem.

It is a top predator in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed. Therefore the presence of tigers, in the forest is an indicator of the well being of the ecosystem.The extinction of this top predator is an indication that its ecosystem
is not sufficiently protected, and neither would it exist for long thereafter.
 

One important thing that you can do is learn as much about tigers as you can, and teach others about the threats they face. You can do reports at school, or just talk to your friends and family. As people learn more about tigers , they will try harder to protect them.

The Most Important Indian Of The Last Century

I consider Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose the most important Indian of the twentieth certify . He roused the flame of patriotism in the hearts of all Indians.

          Subhas Chandra belonged to a noted Bengali family residing at Cuttack.He graduated with first class Honours in Philosophy. In England he competed successfully in the in the I.C.S. But after this successful career he rejected the lure of a secure and affluent life and joined the non-co-operation movement started by Mahatma Gandhi.
He was elected President of the Indian National Congress twice, first in 1938 and 

again in 1939.

He wanted to seize freedom from the British Government by force.He went to Singapore and organised the Indian National Army.His battlecry was 'Delhi Challo', as to him the road to Delhi 

was the road to freedom.
His force came as far as Imphal in Manipur where he planted the flag of free India.But while his victory was imminent he had to stop his army as Japan had surrendered to the allies.

Since then Netaji had been missing and none is definite about what happened to him.

Now our country is in a miserable state. It is facing not only attacks from outside , but also poverty , dishonesty and political wickedness inside. At this time we require  a leader like Subhas Chandra Bose.

It is he who developed in the heart of an almost crippled nation the urge to be free and to raise its head high. His life was one of daring adventure and heroic self-sacrifice. Indians will always remember him with regard and gratitude.

Sea lion

A California sea lion peers out from a restraint nicknamed "The Squeeze" near Oregon City,Ore., as it is prepared for transport by truck to the Pacific Ocean about 130 miles away.

The male sea lion was released south of Newport, Ore., in a program designed to reduce the threat to wild winter steelhead and spring Chinook salmon in the Willamette River. Oregon wildlife officials have started killing sea lions that threaten a fragile run of winter steelhead in the Willamette River.

          The state Department of Fish and Wildlife obtained a federal permit in November to kill up to 93 California sea lions per year bellow Willamette Falls south of Portland.

Barking rodent

The capybara,also known as carpincho or water hog,is the largest living rodent , weighing up to 80kg in the wild and even more in captivity. This sole member of the Hydrochoeridae family is a close relative of the guinea pig and the rock cavy.It is native to the savannas and dense forests across South America, except Chile.
This semi-aquatic mammal lives near water bodies. When it senses danger, it gallops to the closest deep one, jumps into it and disappeares , to resurface far away from the predator. It can sleep in water too, with just its eyes and nostrils above the water. It has slightly webbed toes- three on the rear feet and four on the front. It is agile on land also. The herbivore's teeth grow continuously.

It wears them down by grazing on grasses and aquatic and other plants. It also eats its own faeces in the morning , when it is rich in protein and vitamins. This social animal has a variety of calls, including barks, whistles and whines.
The capybara is quite adaptive but since it does not have fat reserves or a thick coat (it doesn't have down hair either), it cannot endure harsh cold climates. Though it is often hunted for its meat and pelt, it is still not a threatened species.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

          The Leaning tower of Pisa, Italy, is famous simply because it leans! It is actually the bell tower of the cathedral of the city Pisa. Although it was designed to stand straight, the tower began leaning to the south - west soon after the onset of construction in 1173.
          Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Pisans were almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca and Florence.
In 1272, construction resumed. In an effort to compensate for the tilt the engineers built higher floors with one side taller than the other. This made the tower begin to lean on the other direction. Because of this the tower is actually curved! The reason of leaning is that the tower is built on unsuitable ground for such a heavy and tall building. It is only about two meters above sea level and built on a riverbed.

          The underlying ground is made up of uneven layers of sand and clay. Because of the fact that the layers are not even, as the ground has compressed, it has sunk more in some places than in others.
          The tower has eight storeys, including the chamber for the bells. Inside the tower there are seven bells.
          Engineers expect that the famous structure will remain stable for at least another 200 years. By then the technology could be far more advanced to preserve the tower for another more years.