Penicillin

Penicillin is one of the most useful drugs invented by Alexander Fleming.

    With its help we can heal wounds caused by bacteria which can't otherwise be healed.  To begin with, very few people knew of this wonderful discovery and its uses. First scientists and then ministers of  governments got interested in it.
Penicillin could save the wounded soldiers, it could be helpful in war. Since

And so they all decided to encourage the process of its manufacture. Vast factories were set up for preparing it. Lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers were saved with its help.

 Penicillin , when introduced into the stream of the human blood acts as an aid to those parts which are always fighting deadly germs. It does not have power over every kind of bacteria; but certain kinds are destroyed by Penicillin in great majority of cases.

Tokyo Skytree

The Tokyo Skytree is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan.
          Standing 634 meters (2,080 feet ) tall, it is the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa (829.8) and the tallest structure in Japan.       

        The tower is the main television and radio broadcast site of many companies for the Kanto region, after the Tokyo Tower couldn't give full broadcasting coverage because of the surrounding high-rise buildings. It is privately owned by Tobu Railway Corporation.
       What's spectacular about this tower is its two observation decks which offer spectacular views out over Tokyo. The two enclosed decks are located at heights of 350 and 450 meters respectively. A large shopping complex with an aquarium is located at its base.             
        

 Designed by the Japanese architectural firm Nikken Sekkei , the structure is earthquake resistant. It uses ancient technology to withstand earthquakes, like Pagodas that have a central pole called a shinbashira that diffuses seismic vibrations and keeps the the whole thing from falling down. A central concrete tube runs almost the entire height of the tower . This tube is fastened to the sides of the tower with fuel dampers, invented by NASA, which allows the tube to sway without hitting the sides of the tower.

Construction of Tokyo Sky Tree started in July 2008 and opened in May 2012.
    
A visit to the Tokyo Skytree starts on the 4th floor where the tickets for the first observation deck ( but not for the second deck ) are sold. A fast and smooth elevator ride takes visitors to the top floor of the first observation deck can be purchased. Visitors then access the second deck before descending back to the lower floors of the first observatory where they board the elevator down to the tower's exit on the 5th floor.     

• The figures 6 ( mu ), 3 (sa ), 4 (shi ) stand for “ Musashi ", an old name of the region where the Tokyo Skytree stands.
•  The total cost of the Tokyo Skytree is reported to be about 65 billion JPY( 806 million USD ).

Royal Cars

In 1909, when an American , Henry Ford, mass-produced his famous Model-T, cars became cheaper. They were also easier to drive and more reliable. All Ford cars looked alike . “You can have any colour you like", said Ford, “as long as it's black."         
               

     The Maharaja of Patiala at one time owned ninety Rolls Royces, while the Maharaja of Bharatpur had twenty. However speaking of car lovers , there was no one who could match the Nizam of Hyderabad.
         

     Whenever he saw an expensive and beautiful car in his kingdom, the owner was informed that His Exalted Highness would like a ride in the car .The owner , hardly  believing his luck, would lend his car for the royal drive. The car , of course , was bought and never returned.
          Thus , the Nizam collected a fleet of three to four hundred cars that were never  used. Many years later, when the Nizam turned down the proposal and instead spent lakhs of rupees to get them overhauled.
            The craze for cars ended suddenly with the beginning of the First World War. Car and buses then carried soldiers and their supplies to the battlefield.

     The royalty were among the first to make regular use the car. Knowing that the Maharajas were fond of hunting , Rolls Royce wasted no time in selling them cars specially designed for the purpose. Off came the roof and instead was placed a glass ceiling on four poles to create just the right atmosphere for a hunt. 

    The first Rolls Royce , ‘Pearl of India' as it was called , entered India in 1908 .Designed especially for the Maharaja of Gwalior , it was specially built for tropical conditions. It had a high ceiling and ventilators. It was finished in cream with apple - green stripes edged with gold.

           Around 1911, there were more than a hundred cars in India. Of all these , the Rolls Royce was perhaps the only one that could survive the Indian conditions.

Big Questions In Science

Why do some people go bald?

•     There are two reasons why people may go bald. The live hair germ centres have either been permanently destroyed or they have been temporarily damaged.     

•      Temporary hair loss often occurs after a high fever, thyroid disease or tuberculosis, but it grows again in most cases after the disease is cured. Drugs, X-rays, malnutrition and some skin diseases can also cause temporary hair loss, but usually it grows again within a year.  

• Stages of female badness pattern

•          There is also a disease called alopecia areata , in which the hair falls out in patches all over the head , usually the germ centres have been injured only temporarily, and in 99% of cases the hair grows again without treatment . Baldness may occur at almost any time of life after childhood.

 

•  Permanent baldness or alopecia occurs in more than 40% of men and may affect the whole head. In women it affects the crown of the head only and never leads to complete loss of hair . Three  factors often lead to permanent baldness: heredity, age and hormone balance . There is no cure. Other causes of permanent baldness may be injuries or diseases which produce severe scarring, inborn lack of hair development and severe injuries to the hair germ centres by chemicals.

    What makes you feel dizzy?
   Dizziness most commonly occurs when a person who has been moving around with speed stops suddenly. The sensitive liquid in the inner ear, which mainly controls balance , continues to move for a time after the body has stopped .So , the surroundings appear to be still in motion. However , it only takes a few seconds for the fluid , and balance to settle.     

Dizziness

       This sensation also called vertigo , may also occur to someone looking down from a height or on board ship. Here the cause is probably not so much physical as a nervous reaction  which effects the fluid in the inner ear.
      

Jordan Spieth

Jordan Alexander Spieth is a former world number one professional golfer from America.
       He is a three- time major winner and the 2015 fedEx Cup champion. The men's major golf championships are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional- Masters Tournament, PGA Championship, U.S. Open and The Open Championship.     

        Born on 27 july, 1993, in Dallas, Texas, Spieth won the U.S. Junior Amateur Championship twice before starring at the  University of Texas.
       After turning pro in 2012, he became the youngest man in 82 years to win a PGA Tour event.
        In 2015 Spieth triumphed at the Masters and the U.S. Open-becoming the first male since 1922 to win two majors before his 22nd birthday. 

        At the 2015 Masters Tournament, he tied the 72 hole record set by Tiger Woods in 1997 and became the second youngest golfer ( behind Wood) to win the Masters.
         At the 2015 U.S. Open, he was the youngest U.S. Open champion since amateur Bobby Jones in 1923.
         Two years later, Spieth won his third major at the 2017 Open Championship.

•         In July 2017, at 23- years of age , he was the youngest American to win the British Open.2018 was a winless year for him.
• In April 2016, Time magazine named Spieth to its list of the “100 Most Influential People".
• As of December 2017, Spieth has an estimated net worth of $60 million, according to Celebrity Net Worth.

Vulture

There are 22 species of vultures.These birds don't hunt live prey, but feast on carrion - the flesh of dead animals.
Many vultures use their keen sense of smell to locate carrion. Other vultures find food using their sharp eyesight.

Vultures that don't have feather on their heads are the ones that stick their heads into carcasses while feeding. If their heads had feather , bits of the decaying meat would get stuck to them.

The king vulture of Central and South America is bald. It also has black , bright red and Yellow markings on its head and neck.